The complexity of resilience consists of far more than just the child’s strength to overcome life’s adversities. This approach gives the impression that resilience is something extraordinary, whereas it is in fact a part of the human being’s inherited biological capacity to adapt and cope with difficulties. The American Psychological Association defines resilience as a process whereby the individual adapts and recovers after adverse circumstances such as trauma, tragedy, threat, and/or high levels of stress. Resilience has been defined as the ability to positively adapt or overcome adversity or stress. Traditionally, both in the general debate and within research, the focus has usually been on factors that contribute to why some children develop symptoms after an adverse childhood experience and much less on why some children seem to show resistance to developing symptoms and behavioural disorders. The ARQ could therefore be used as a tool for adolescents when evaluating the importance of resilience.Īdverse childhood experiences, ACEs, have been found to be common and have a great impact on health and psychosocial adaptation during childhood, but also during the whole lifespan. The study shows that the Swedish translation of ARQ has satisfactory psychometric properties. Finally, some gender differences were seen, with boys scoring higher on the total ARQ scale. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a satisfactory construct validity. ![]() The convergent validity, which was tested for the first time in this study, was good, especially with the Internal Domain for both SOC-13 and RSES. 91, except for the subscales Emotional insight (α = 0.69) and Empathy/Tolerance (α = .61). The ARQ, with five domains and twelve subscales, showed good alpha coefficients α = .95 for the total scale and subscales ranging between α = .70 to. ![]() Students filled out a digitalised composite form consisting of ARQ and three other standardised questionnaires, the Sense of Coherence Scale-13 (Soc-13), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ). MethodsĪ normative sample of 616 students aged 15–17 was recruited through the school system in five different communities. The aim of this study was to translate the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) into Swedish and investigate the psychometrics of this Swedish version. At the same time, there has been a lack of instruments to measure resilience. The importance of resilience, and interest in it, has increased markedly in recent years, based on the need to understand why some children and young people have a resilience to stress that others lack.
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